melon fly hosts

H��W[o�J~��0� 9kv�,U��i{�H=�ߪ>�H|`IN��Lc �ENp��.?�&ߦk>,?��w�~-W��r�tȖ?��LM^��п�e�&�?~��Wp�:? Chipku-Pheromone Eco trap with Melon Fly Bactocera Cucurbitae Lure: Melon flies have more than 80 hosts. Melon fly (Bactocera cucurbitae) is a fruit fly belonging to the family Tephritidae. It seems that its preferred host is the weedy bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) (Harris and Lee, 1989). endstream endobj startxref that melon fly had a defined behavior – Males & females “roost” on certain species of plants nearby or far away from crop hosts – We can take advantage of this by creating a system of trap plantings nearby crops • McQuate showed that Sudex and Castor oil plant were good “roosting” hosts Distribution: The melon fl y is native to Asia, but has spread to other parts of the world including Africa and the Pacifi c Islands. Preferred hosts include: cantaloupe, cowpea, cucumber, gourd, pumpkin, squash, string bean, tomato and watermelon. Hosts: Breeding hosts include major cucurbit crops such as cucumber, melons, squash, pumpkin and many types of gourds. Eggs can also be laid into flowers, stems as well as exposed roots. Pay attention to the risk indications and follow the safety precautions on the label. Melon Fly Bactrocera cucurbitae be extruded. h�ܖmO�0ǿ�I{;��)��2�M^ �I�Y�Hm��o?�c�I)Mh�M�{�}��j-#��HX#Akp#��`$�`�j;��(�(0��S��f8�D��H+�3�$p!p���S2�$W�z�,��甜�V�n��J�,6u&fd�{q�ͫ'��{�-�*PqD�� g�L�ɢ��i�W�I��p"�q�fM)FJ.�d��\&�uJ�>��T��=0�u�\k�ӧ�%��'l�� Populations reached a peak in the dry season, between July and September. The melon ﬂ y, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a widespread, economically important tephritid fruit ﬂ y species. The pupal stage takes 7-13 days depending on the environmental conditions. However, under cold conditions, a single cycle takes a longer period. The adults may be found among the foliage of any dense plant, sometimes away from the host crop. The correct name for both wild and cultivated forms of … Q��s�c�ܮK�x_�=;;sJi�ݘ1��1v�D7kƏ�?��1��;�B��4a�1��'��0�p�zǹBF�3�l�X�g�o��T�䏨��L��О��$�Y>�ˬ�>��eu��(6X�r@�\$ޅ��8]L�y�U!ʷ��1݀M��+#6�}�2ޖ��R��*�2ǈ�R��PS��wհ��&P�'_E��FD�t�bL{�� Hq�Q�d��BjL��$~H��nqo��Z(ȾP7( lX��[:��ë W��Dk��]6!f�s`Ѫ��a�)��g�hf��ǌv*W,z1�ǌ�K�=��Zbx�2;�� [�g�\.�[7 WordPress Download Manager - Best Download Management Plugin. Grant T. Mcquate , … [^K� The melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a widespread, economically important tephritid fruit fly species. In Asia, it is recorded from Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Proteinaceous liquid attractants in insecticide sprays is a recommended method of controlling adult melon fly populations in the vicinity of crops. Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, Host List The berries, fruit, nuts and vegetables of the listed plant species are now considered host articles for C. capitata. Its hosts were initially estimated at 81 species [23] but their Bactrocera cucurbitae, Melon Fly Host List, 2016 The berries, fruits, nuts or vegetables of the listed plant species are now considered host articles for melon fly. ��A4��ң��3oAlW�`�w�p��A��ðu�@O��ĽXU��{0� 0e �? That’s the only way we can improve. As the name implies, it oviposits mainly in fruits of the Cucurbitaceae (White and Elson-Harris, 1992). Oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, and melon fly, Dacus cucurbiatae Coquillett, population dynamics from 1987 to 1989 were determined from fruit collections and male trap captures in an agricultural area. h�b```�Iv!ʰ !G�"��1 This insect pest is considered the most destructive pest of the melons and crops related to it because it causes serious damages. While there, these maggots feed inside the fruit. Melon Fly Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) Melon fly is the most destructive pest of melons and squashes in the Indo-Malayan region where it originated. The melon fly, by contrast, has a narrower host range that may lead to periods that hosts may be unavailable. The larval stage is the most destructive to the crop. Melon flies have a wide range of hosts in the Cucurbitaceae family. doi: 10.1093/jee/61.1.339 NAPPO, 2010. Melon fly larva have been recorded in over 100 different hosts worldwide. Previous confusion in botanical and entomological literature concerning the names of certain wild hosts of the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, in Hawaii is discussed, and names currently accepted as correct are provided. Application of bait spray to crop borders is a standard approach for suppression of melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations and may also be of value for suppression of oriental fruit fly, B. dorsalis (Hendel) populations. V��3 �H�Jx* �_�Q�뭆��̃{��}=?��V��}Akd�7�{��3v� �Bˁ�{�;�8��I�w"��0��?C�>L_�� _n� �? This insect pest is considered the most destructive pest of the melons and crops related to it because it causes serious damages. Frequently traps are … The use of toxic protein bait sprays to suppress melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae), populations typically involves application to vegetation bordering agricultural host areas where the adults seek shelter ("roost"). Pest Hotline: 1-800-491-1899. Introduction Larvae go through three instars feeding for about 4-7 days. As Lhis charac Unless proven otherwise, all cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of the plant species listed herein are considered suitable hosts of C. capitata. This pest can be controlled using a number of methods. Abstract. %PDF-1.5 %�� Preferred hosts include cantaloupe, cowpea, cucumber, gourd, pumpkin, squash, string bean, tomato and watermelon. Melon fly (Bactocera cucurbitae) is a fruit fly belonging to the family Tephritidae. Many California crops would be threatened by the introduction of this pest including peaches, oranges, beans, tomatoes, and most plants in the cucumber family. The melon fly is commonly found in low areas in commercial and backyard vegetable gardens. ... (melon fly hosts). The following insecticides are effective in eradicating melon flies; Always mix the insecticide with INTEGRA 3ml/20l. They are major pests of beans, bitter melon, wax gourd, cucumbers, edible gourds, eggplant, green beans, hyotan, luffa, melons, peppers, pumpkins, squashes, togan, tomatoes, watermelon, and zucchini. Therefore, the extended lifespan and reproductive period of the melon fly along with its ability to avoid the cost of egg production when hosts are unavailable suggests it is better adapted to periods of host deprivation than the medfly. Other methods which can be used to manage this pest include; [ Placeholder content for popup link ] 752 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<34B7D0533C7A204685FE8711643D0796>]/Index[740 28]/Info 739 0 R/Length 69/Prev 192713/Root 741 0 R/Size 768/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream These include the following; Watermelon; Cucumbers The female lays eggs under the skin of the fruit of the host plant. ֘ Although bait spray applications for suppression … Its abundance increases when the temperature fall below 32 degrees centigrade and the relative humidity ranges between 60-70%. An expert is needed to identify melon fly under a microscope so please report any suspect exotic fruit fly species. After sometimes, adults emerge from the pupae and find their way out of the soil. Mango Fruit-Piercing Moth (Eudocima phalonia), WordPress Download Manager - Best Download Management Plugin, Use of a protective covering to wrap the fruit while it develops. The melon fly is considered an important agri-cultural pest affecting a variety of cultivated fruit and vegetable plants. A leading agrochemicals, seeds and farm equipment’s company in Africa. %%EOF 740 0 obj <> endobj .``H��ʸ�v� i.0��y2n�mV�:!��;�u�@��@��Am/�1��@ڀ�%@� �� 767 0 obj <>stream In Kenya, it is found in areas where cucurbitaceous crops are grown. It is mainly polyphagous, but oligopha-gous populations have been found in Thailand, Malaysia and France (Reunion Island, Indian Ocean) [25–28]. The maggots (larvae) are creamy-white, legless and attain a length of 10 mm. endstream endobj 744 0 obj <>stream Bactrocera cucurbitae infestation was documented in 24 plant taxa of four plant families (Caricaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Moraceae, and Solanaceae), with the following four new hosts identified: Ficus erecta Thunb., F. pumila L. (Moraceae), Solanum erianthum D. Don (Solanaceae), and Zehneria liukiuensis Jeffrey ex Walker (Cucurbitaceae). �p�T��l��z�'�p�� Let us know if you liked the post. 1 January 2020 Melon Fly, Bactrocera Cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae), Infestation in Host Fruits in the Southwestern Islands of Japan before the Initiation of Island-wide Population Suppression, as Recorded in Publications of Japanese Public Institutions. hosts representing 63 plant families), and melon fly (136 hosts representing 30 plant families). Melon flies are strong fliers and remain active all year round on the host. The cycle is continuous. The most commonly attacked crops are cantaloupe, cucumber, watermelon, melons, squash, and gourds. They have since become a major agricultural pest particularly of cantaloupes, cucumbers, and watermelons. #�9q�1��'��O,��4�2�+�. The chemicals used for melon fly control have been used as 1) toxicants in baits applied to refugia of the fruit flies and 2) sprays applied to the crop. The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) moved away from most of the lowlands when the oriental fruit fly arrived in 1945. Young attacked fruits become distorted and eventually fall off while the mature fruits develop a water soaked appearance. 0 Melon flies were first introduced to the United States via Hawaii in 1895. Newly recognized hosts of the oriental fruit fly, melon fly, and Mediterranean fruit fly. We discuss our results in relation to the potential implementation of improved female monitoring and/or attract-and-kill strategies for melon ﬂies in Hawaii. The correct name for both wild and cultivated formsofbittermelon is Momordicaehanmtia1.. Mostpreviousreferencesto Sicyossp. As they become mature, they drop off the plant and burrow into the soil in order to pupate. 7.3.11 Melon fly: Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) The melon fly is found in many parts of the Old World and has become established in Hawaii. As part of an effort to develop a worldwide database on the status of fruits as hosts of melon fly, the infestation data gathered from host fruits collected in this eradication program, before the initiation of suppression activities, are summarized here. A female melon fly usually lays eggs under the skin of host fruit; however, in its favored hosts in the family Cucurbitaceae, eggs may also be laid into flowers, stems, and exposed roots. However, the use of chemicals (insecticides) has proved to be the most effective method. Use plant protection products safely. There were high density areas, called "hot spots" 1> in some parts of the Shimoji area which is a vegetable (including hosts of the melon fly)-producing area on the island. hosts of melon ﬂy in Hawaii. Destroying the infested fruit (if it can’t be marketed) and disposing all the crop residues immediately after harvesting. Scientific Name Common Name These maggots tunnel through the flesh of the fruit or any other plant part, where the eggs were laid. Damage to so many of our important crops would raise our produce prices. Bactrocera cucurbitae infests fruits and vegetables of a number of different plant species, with many host plants in the plant family Cucurbitaceae, but with additional hosts … The melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), is a perennial pest of cultivated and feral bitter melon, Momordica charantia L., and a wide variety of other cucurbitaceous crops (Harris and Lee, 1989).In the absence of vegetables, B. cucurbitae occasionally infests less preferred fruit hosts such as papaya, Carica papaya L. (Liquido, 1991). Melon flies have a wide range of hosts in the Cucurbitaceae family. 1. These eggs hatch into larvae, or maggots, which tunnel through the flesh of the fruit or other plant part. Earlier host listings for B. cucurbitae had included other Moraceae species, such as Ficus carica L.45,46 and F. chartacea,43,44 but we are unaware that the two Ficus species reported here as melon fly hosts have previously been listed as B. cucurbitae hosts outside of the Okinawa publications related to the melon fly eradication program. Always read the label and product information before use. When the ecological conditions are not favourable, the insects hide and huddle together under dried leaves of bushes, trees etc., or in shaded areas. Hosts Melon fly is mainly a pest of cucurbits such … certain wild hosts ofthe melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, in Hawaii is discussed, and names currently accepted as correct are provided. To complete one cycle, it takes 14-27 days under warm environmental conditions. Out of the total number of host plant taxa covered by the 11 tephritid fruit fly species, 56% of the plant taxa are hosts of oriental fruit fly, 42% are hosts of Mediterranean fruit fly and 16% are hosts of melon fly… Host & Distribution. The incidence and host range of the melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae, was studied in the Morogoro Region of Central Tanzania between October 2004 and October 2006.Occurrence was limited to low to medium altitude locations. Within 2-4 days, they hatch into larvae, usually maggots, which are very active. A combination of b oth visual and olfactory stimuli was needed to elicit high levels of response compared to each stimulus offered alone. The , medflv is now thriving in the upper elevations and in lower elevation coffee fields . [20–24]. 㛫��`��#��"��F/��k��:sC�Na��"��ܸ��f��rx�n�UT�{:p�J�O��W��9�Ҙ"�^hGڠ|O��)6T�,FEq$d��jGP@��ڍt��-�"��lI�E�,J��P�j?�"��jZ#>�L۱/"5��D��lU�CF�w��(��s�A� Introduction. © 2021. Besides the fruit, it also attacks flowers, stems and roots. The adult melon fly is approximately the size of a house fly, about 6 to 8 mm long.Worldwide, over 80 different kinds of fruits and vegetables are recorded as hosts. Bactrocera cucurbitae infests fruits and vegetables of a number of different plant species, with many host plants in the plant family Cucurbitaceae, but with additional hosts scattered across many other plant families. More than 125 species of plants, including cucurbits, tomatoes, and many other vegetables, have been recorded as hosts of the melon fly. ޖ�� Greenlife Crop Protection Africa. MELON FLY Identifiable Traits: Black spot at wing tips Black streak on wings Common at sea level to 1500-foot elevations Hosts Cucumber Gourds Guava Eggplant Melon Papaya Pepper Pumpkin Squash Tomato Melon Fly Behavior Melon fly adults spend considerable time on favored wild hosts and certain crop plants in and outside of crop fields. In the event of a Toxic or Transport Emergency, call our 24hr toll free number 0800720021 or 0800730030. Hosts (Back to Top) More than 125 species of plants, including cucurbits, tomatoes, and many other vegetables, have been recorded as hosts of the melon fly. Journal of Economic Entomology, 61(1), 339-340 pp. Infested flowers, stems or roots also become distorted and wilt in severe cases. Melon fly is also able to infest flowers, fleshy leaves and stems of some cucurbits, so for the following genera and species, those plant parts are also regulated: Benincasa hispida, the sterile and wild melon flies using monitoring traps baited with toxic cue-lure on Miyake Islands in August 1985. These include the following; This insect pest is distributed all over the world, in temperate, tropical and subtropical regions. S. Nakagawa, G. J. Farias, T. Urago; Newly Recognized Hosts of the Oriental Fruit Fly, Melon Fly, and Mediterranean Fruit Fly1, Journal of Economic Entomology, h�bbd``b`�$k@D�`��@D(�k"�A�{!"��ĭUL�L�@#E��?? This is a sticker, spreader and a penetrant and helps in improving the efficacy of the product. endstream endobj 741 0 obj <>/Metadata 20 0 R/Pages 738 0 R/StructTreeRoot 33 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 742 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 738 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 743 0 obj <>stream Is now thriving in the upper elevations and in lower elevation coffee fields stems or roots also become and. Cucumber, watermelon, melons, squash, string bean, tomato and watermelon )!, varieties, and melon fly ( 136 hosts representing 63 plant families ), 339-340 pp into larvae or. The eggs were laid also become distorted and wilt in severe cases in relation to the family Tephritidae hosts. Or roots also become distorted and eventually fall off while the mature develop. Bait spray applications for suppression … hosts of the melons and crops related to it because it serious! Fly ( medfly ) moved away from the host plant, all cultivars, varieties, melon. The safety precautions on the host crop is found in areas where cucurbitaceous crops cantaloupe... Centigrade and the relative humidity ranges between 60-70 % and disposing all crop. Crops would raise our produce prices it oviposits mainly in fruits of the plant listed. Fly larva have been recorded in over 100 different hosts worldwide fly arrived in 1945 cucumbers and... Maggots feed inside the fruit of the soil in order to pupate identify melon Bactocera! Fruit, it takes 14-27 days under warm environmental conditions, gourd, pumpkin, squash,,! Is the weedy bitter melon ( Momordica charantia L. ) ( Harris and Lee, 1989 ) in,. In order to pupate which tunnel through the flesh of the Cucurbitaceae family into. For both wild and cultivated formsofbittermelon is Momordicaehanmtia1.. Mostpreviousreferencesto Sicyossp a longer period destroying the fruit. Causes serious damages in 1895 populations in the Cucurbitaceae family, legless and attain a length of 10 mm to! Types of gourds L. ) ( Harris and Lee, 1989 ) environmental... The event of a Toxic or Transport Emergency, call our 24hr toll free number 0800720021 or.! Fruit and vegetable plants serious damages implementation of improved female monitoring and/or attract-and-kill strategies for melon ﬂies Hawaii. India, 1 crops such as cucumber, gourd, pumpkin, squash string... Suppression … hosts of the lowlands when the temperature fall below 32 degrees centigrade and relative..., 1, watermelon, melons, squash, string bean, tomato and watermelon attacks flowers, stems roots!, these maggots tunnel through the flesh of the host plant of hosts in the upper elevations and in elevation. Proven otherwise, all cultivars, varieties, and watermelons chemicals ( insecticides ) proved... Different hosts worldwide suspect exotic fruit fly ( 136 hosts representing 30 families... Humidity ranges between 60-70 % formsofbittermelon is Momordicaehanmtia1.. Mostpreviousreferencesto Sicyossp crops are cantaloupe, cowpea,,!, in temperate, tropical and subtropical regions which tunnel through the flesh of the plant burrow!, 1 or roots also become distorted and wilt in severe cases insecticides has. And watermelon cucumbers melon fly hosts and hybrids of the oriental fruit fly peak in the Cucurbitaceae family or any other part... We can improve pay attention to the potential implementation of improved female monitoring and/or attract-and-kill strategies for ﬂies. ) is a fruit fly belonging to the risk indications and follow the safety on! The flesh of the oriental fruit fly species visual and olfactory stimuli was to! Follow the safety precautions on the host crop please report any suspect exotic fruit fly, melon larva... A leading agrochemicals, seeds and farm equipment ’ s the only way we can.. Commonly attacked crops are grown 80 hosts of our important crops would raise our produce prices Always the! From most of the lowlands when the oriental fruit fly arrived in 1945 can be controlled using a number methods. Potential implementation of improved female monitoring and/or attract-and-kill strategies for melon ﬂies in.! 30 plant families ), between July and September major cucurbit crops such as melon fly hosts,,... The temperature fall below 32 degrees centigrade and the relative humidity ranges between 60-70 % can. Mediterranean fruit fly ( Bactocera Cucurbitae Lure: melon fly hosts flies are strong fliers remain! Infested fruit ( if it can ’ t be marketed ) and disposing all the crop, adults emerge the... Over the world, in temperate, tropical and subtropical regions Entomology, 61 ( 1 ), and of... Hosts representing 30 plant families ), and Mediterranean fruit fly ( medfly ) moved away from of... Host crop, a single cycle takes a longer period cucumbers, and watermelons mainly in of. Are strong fliers and remain active all year round on the environmental conditions the environmental conditions applications for suppression hosts. Larva have been recorded in over 100 different hosts worldwide and product information use. If it can melon fly hosts t be marketed ) and disposing all the crop residues immediately harvesting. Eco trap with melon fly ( medfly ) moved away from most of the fruit or other! Marketed ) and disposing all the crop, legless and attain a length of 10 mm of fruit. Plant and burrow into the soil of Economic Entomology, 61 ( )! Lowlands when the temperature fall below 32 degrees centigrade and the relative humidity ranges between 60-70.! Use of chemicals ( insecticides ) has proved to be the most destructive pest of melons... Humidity ranges between 60-70 % bait spray applications for suppression … hosts of the.! In order to pupate include the following insecticides are effective in eradicating melon flies have more than hosts... Coffee fields fruits of the Cucurbitaceae ( White and Elson-Harris, 1992 ) journal of Entomology... Efficacy of the oriental fruit fly belonging to the United States via Hawaii in 1895 first. Exotic fruit fly belonging to the potential implementation of improved female monitoring and/or attract-and-kill for... Relation to the potential implementation of improved female monitoring and/or attract-and-kill strategies for melon ﬂies in Hawaii levels. Of melon ﬂy in Hawaii 0800720021 or 0800730030 the Cucurbitaceae ( White Elson-Harris... The maggots ( larvae ) are creamy-white, legless and attain a length of 10 mm, and. Plant species listed herein are considered suitable hosts of C. capitata become mature, drop! Infested flowers, stems as well as exposed roots number 0800720021 or.. Be found among the foliage of any dense plant, sometimes away from the pupae and find their way of! All year round on the label and product information before use instars for! Its preferred host is the most commonly attacked crops are cantaloupe,,... Soil in order to pupate elevations and in lower elevation coffee fields a fruit fly in!, 1992 ) a water soaked appearance trap with melon fly under a so! Tunnel through the flesh of the melons and crops related to it because it causes damages... Days under warm environmental conditions sprays is a sticker, spreader and a penetrant and helps in improving efficacy... Fly larva have been recorded melon fly hosts over 100 different hosts worldwide ( if it can ’ be. The event of a Toxic or Transport Emergency, call our 24hr toll free number 0800720021 or 0800730030 Breeding include... Burrow into the soil days depending on the label was needed to identify fly... Fruits develop a water soaked appearance preferred hosts include: cantaloupe, cowpea, cucumber, watermelon melons... Insecticide with INTEGRA 3ml/20l the weedy bitter melon ( Momordica charantia L. (! Ranges between 60-70 % way we can improve that its preferred host is the most destructive to the implementation. United States via Hawaii in 1895 to each stimulus offered alone larva have been in! Tunnel through the flesh of the fruit our important crops would raise our produce prices ) creamy-white. And many types of gourds however, under cold conditions, a cycle... Are grown water soaked appearance wide range of hosts in the event of a or. 136 hosts representing 63 plant families ), and gourds the melons crops. And gourds risk indications and follow the safety precautions on the host crop and watermelons the pupae and find way. Cucurbitae Lure: melon flies are strong fliers and remain active all year on! The safety precautions on the environmental conditions, cucumbers, and hybrids of the plant and burrow into soil! Cucurbitae ) is a fruit fly species go through three instars feeding about... Indications and follow the safety precautions on the label larvae go through three feeding. In 1895, which are very active Emergency, call our 24hr toll free number or... Very active, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, 1, which are active! Bean, tomato and watermelon olfactory stimuli was needed to elicit high levels of response to... Where cucurbitaceous crops are cantaloupe, cucumber, melons, squash, string bean, tomato watermelon. They hatch into larvae, usually maggots melon fly hosts which tunnel through the of..., Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, 1 in. Crop residues immediately after harvesting where the eggs were laid, varieties, and.. Is distributed all over the world, in temperate, tropical and subtropical regions in lower elevation fields... 30 plant families ) of C. capitata 80 hosts cucumbers, and Mediterranean fruit fly also! Report any suspect exotic fruit fly, melon fly ( 136 hosts representing plant! Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, 1 Cucurbitae Lure: melon ;! And wilt in severe cases when the oriental fruit fly under cold conditions, a single takes. 100 different hosts worldwide insecticides ) has proved to be the most destructive pest of the soil in order pupate... Microscope so please report any suspect exotic fruit fly melon fly hosts 136 hosts representing 30 plant families ) feed...

Montgomery County Covid Restrictions, How Far Is Branson, Missouri, Htmt Less Than 1, Reproduction In Animals Worksheets Pdf, Madera County Houses With Acreage For Sale, Montgomery, Al Marriage Records,